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Açāo E Reaçāo video title card

How-to: 5 Steps for Brain-Building Serve and Return (Portuguese)

This how-to video breaks down serve and return interactions into 5 simple steps and features adults and young children doing each step together.

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Ready4Routines: Building the Skills for Mindful Parenting (Japanese)

This project supports parents as they work with their children to build regular family routines. By focusing on real-life daily situations such as bedtime and mealtime, the Ready4Routines intervention seeks to strengthen executive function skills in adults and children, while also increasing predictability within young children’s lives. Learn more about Ready4Routines in this video, here […]

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InBrief: Foundations of Lifelong Health (Japanese)

This edition of the InBrief series, here in Japanese, explains why a vital and productive society with a prosperous and sustainable future is built on a foundation of healthy child development. The video summarizes findings from The Foundations of Lifelong Health Are Built in Early Childhood, a report co-authored by the National Scientific Council on […]

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A still from the video The Science of Early Childhood Development with Slovak subtitles, showing two female caregivers holding two babies.

InBrief: The Science of Early Childhood Development (Slovak Subtitles)

This video from the InBrief series, subtitled here in Slovak, addresses basic concepts of early childhood development, established over decades of neuroscience and behavioral research, which help illustrate why child development—particularly from birth to five years—is a foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society. This translation was provided by the Carpathian Foundation.

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Illustrated adult and child holding hands with text 'Ser los padres que queremos ser'

Estrés Tóxico y Resiliencia

Todos queremos dar a nuestros hijos lo que necesitan para crecer al máximo de su potencial, y como padres desempeñamos un papel importante en su desarrollo. Pero nuestra crianza se ve afectada por los apoyos y dificultades de nuestra vida, incluyendo las experiencias que causan lo que se conoce como «estrés tóxico». Pero experimentar estrés tóxico no tiene que determinar quién somos o cómo actuamos, y hay cosas que podemos hacer para defendernos a nosotros y a nuestros hijos de los efectos de incluso el estrés más intenso.

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Animation of a body's cardiac system experiencing toxic stress

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Norwegian subtitles)

Without caring adults to buffer children, the unrelenting stress caused by extreme poverty, neglect, abuse, or severe maternal depression can weaken the architecture of the developing brain. The Norwegian subtitles for this video have been generously provided by RVTS Sør.

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Mother and father playing with child

InBrief: The Science of Neglect (Norwegian subtitles)

This edition of the InBrief series, here subtitled in Norwegian, explains why significant deprivation is so harmful in the earliest years of life and why effective interventions are likely to pay significant dividends. The Norwegian subtitles for this video have been generously provided by RVTS Sør.

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Two boys playing together with a puzzle

InBrief: Executive Function: Skills for Life and Learning (Norwegian subtitles)

This edition of the InBrief series, here subtitled in Norwegian, explains how lifelong executive function skills develop, what can disrupt their development, and how supporting them pays off in school and life. The Norwegian subtitles for this video have been generously provided by RVTS Sør.

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A toddler boy walks next to his father

InBrief: How Resilience Is Built (Norwegian subtitles)

Watch this video, here subtitled in Norwegian, to learn how responsive exchanges with adults help children build the skills they need to manage stress and cope with adversity. The Norwegian subtitles for this video have been generously provided by RVTS Sør.

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Grandparents walking, the grandfather is carrying the young granddaughter

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Norwegian subtitles)

The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood. The Norwegian subtitles for this video have been generously provided by RVTS Sør.

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A girl hugs her mother's pregnant belly

Eksperyans Konstwi Chapant Sèvo a

This video has been adapted for Haitian parents and translated into Haitian Kreyol by the generous efforts of the Fostering Resilience Program of the Institute for Educational Initiatives at the University of Notre Dame (Indiana), in partnership with Blue Butterfly Collaborative and Jako Media.

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Executive Function video still

InBrief: Executive Function: Skills for Life and Learning (Japanese)

Being able to focus, hold, and work with information in mind, filter distractions, and switch gears is like having an air traffic control system at a busy airport to manage the arrivals and departures of dozens of planes on multiple runways. In the brain, this air traffic control mechanism is called executive functioning, a group of […]

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Servir Y Devolver video title card

How-to: 5 Steps for Brain-Building Serve and Return (Spanish)

This how-to video breaks down serve and return interactions into 5 simple steps and features adults and young children doing each step together.

View translation

Experiences Build Brain Architecture video still, showing neurons firing and growing

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Japanese)

This 2-minute video explains how the basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood.

View translation

Serve and return video still showing a caregiver interacting with an infant, with a graphic showing a developing brain overlaid

Serve and Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry (Japanese)

This 2-minute video, here in Japanese, explains why “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives is one of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain.

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Graphic showing how toxic stress overtaxes the cardiovascular system

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Japanese)

This 2-minute video, here in Japanese, explains how toxic stress can weaken the architecture of the developing brain, with long-term consequences for learning, behavior, and both physical and mental health.

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A coach filming a mother and children in a home setting. Photo courtesy of FIND.

FIND: Using Science to Coach Caregivers (Japanese)

This video, here in Japanese, describes Filming Interactions to Nurture Development (FIND), a video coaching program that aims to strengthen positive interactions between caregivers and children. It uses select clips of adults engaging with children to reinforce developmentally supportive interactions, or “serve and return.”

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Building Core Capabilities for Life brain graphic with airplanes

How Children and Adults Can Build Core Capabilities for Life (Japanese)

This video, here in Japanese, looks at how we take on the ordinary, sometimes challenging, tasks of work, school, parenting, relationships, and just managing our busy lives. How do we navigate these tasks successfully? And what can send us off course? Science offers an explanation.

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The Science of ECD video still

InBrief: The Science of Early Childhood Development (Japanese)

This video from the InBrief series, here in Japanese, addresses basic concepts of early childhood development, established over decades of neuroscience and behavioral research.

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A child climbing a ladder on a playground with a graphic of double-helix DNA superimposed

InBrief: Resilience Series (Japanese)

These videos, here in Japanese, provide an overview of why resilience matters, how it develops, and how to strengthen it in children.

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Screenshot of the video Building Adult Capabilities to Improve Child Outcomes

Building Adult Capabilities to Improve Child Outcomes: A Theory of Change (Japanese)

This 5-minute video, here in Japanese, depicts a theory of change from the Frontiers of Innovation community for achieving breakthrough outcomes for vulnerable children and families.

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InBrief: The Foundations of Lifelong Health (Czech subtitles)

This edition of the InBrief series, here in Czech, explains why a vital and productive society with a prosperous and sustainable future is built on a foundation of healthy child development. The video summarizes findings from The Foundations of Lifelong Health Are Built in Early Childhood, a report co-authored by the National Scientific Council on […]

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How Early Childhood Experiences Affect Lifelong Health and Learning (Español)

How is ongoing, severe stress and adversity in early childhood connected to chronic disease in adults? And, what can we do about it? In this animated video, narrated by Center on the Developing Child Director Jack P. Shonkoff, M.D., learn what the latest science tells us about how early experiences affect not only early learning […]

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Building Adult Capabilities to Improve Child Outcomes: A Theory of Change (Slovak subtitles)

This 5-minute video, subtitled in Slovak, depicts a theory of change from the Frontiers of Innovation community for achieving breakthrough outcomes for vulnerable children and families. It describes the need to focus on building the capabilities of caregivers and strengthening the communities that together form the environment of relationships essential to children’s lifelong learning, health, […]

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InBrief: The Science of Neglect (Slovak subtitles)

Extensive biological and developmental research shows significant neglect—the ongoing disruption or significant absence of caregiver responsiveness—can cause more lasting harm to a young child’s development than overt physical abuse, including subsequent cognitive delays, impairments in executive functioning, and disruptions of the body’s stress response. This edition of the InBrief series, subtitled here in Czech, explains […]

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How-to: 5 Steps for Brain-Building Serve and Return (Slovak subtitles)

This how-to video, subtitled in Slovak, breaks down serve and return interactions into 5 simple steps and features adults and young children doing each step together.

View translation

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Slovak subtitles)

Learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy development. While moderate, short-lived stress responses in the body can promote growth, toxic stress is the strong, unrelieved activation of the body’s stress management system in the absence of protective adult support. Without caring adults to buffer children, the unrelenting stress caused by […]

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Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Czech subtitles)

Learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy development. While moderate, short-lived stress responses in the body can promote growth, toxic stress is the strong, unrelieved activation of the body’s stress management system in the absence of protective adult support. Without caring adults to buffer children, the unrelenting stress caused by […]

View translation

InBrief: The Science of Neglect (Czech subtitles)

Extensive biological and developmental research shows significant neglect—the ongoing disruption or significant absence of caregiver responsiveness—can cause more lasting harm to a young child’s development than overt physical abuse, including subsequent cognitive delays, impairments in executive functioning, and disruptions of the body’s stress response. This edition of the InBrief series, here in Japanese, explains why significant […]

View translation

InBrief: The Science of Early Childhood Development (Czech subtitles)

This video from the InBrief series, subtitled here in Czech, addresses basic concepts of early childhood development, established over decades of neuroscience and behavioral research, which help illustrate why child development—particularly from birth to five years—is a foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society. This translation was generously provided by Asociace Dítě a Rodina.

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InBrief: The Impact of Early Adversity on Children’s Development (Czech subtitles)

This video from the InBrief series, subtitled here in Czech, outlines basic concepts from the research on the biology of stress, which show that major adversity can weaken developing brain architecture and permanently set the body’s stress response system on high alert. Science also shows that providing stable, responsive environments for children in the earliest […]

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Building Adult Capabilities Video Screenshot with Serbian Subtitles

Building Adult Capabilities to Improve Child Outcomes: A Theory of Change (Serbian subtitles)

This 5-minute video depicts a theory of change from the Frontiers of Innovation community for achieving breakthrough outcomes for vulnerable children and families.

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How Resilience Is Built screenshot

InBrief: How Resilience Is Built (Japanese)

Watch this video, translated into Japanese, to learn how responsive exchanges with adults help children build the skills they need to manage stress and cope with adversity.

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The Science of Resilience

InBrief: The Science of Resilience (Japanese)

Watch this video, translated into Japanese, to visualize the science of resilience, and see how genes and experience interact to produce positive outcomes for children.

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What is resilience screen shot

InBrief: What Is Resilience? (Japanese)

Watch this video, translated into Japanese, to learn about the fundamentals of resilience, which is built through interactions between children and their environments.

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Animated woman with squiggly ball of stress over her head

Stress and Resilience: How Toxic Stress Affects Us, and What We Can Do About It (Dutch)

When the stress in your life just doesn’t let up, and it feels like you have no support to get through the day—let alone do everything you need to do to be the best parent you can be—it can seem like there’s nothing that can make it better. But there are resources that can help, […]

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Intergenerational Mobility Project: Building Adult Capabilities for Family Success (Japanese)

The Intergenerational Mobility Project (“The Intergen Project”), a collaborative effort between the Center on the Developing Child and EMPath, has set out with a bold mission to disrupt the intergenerational transmission of poverty. By applying science to social service program design, the Intergen Project seeks to mitigate the effects of poverty and its associated stressors […]

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A still from the video showing large animated hands holding up two parents and their toddler

InBrief: Early Childhood Mental Health (Japanese)

Science tells us that the foundations of sound mental health are built early in life. Early experiences—including children’s relationships with parents, caregivers, relatives, teachers, and peers—interact with genes to shape the architecture of the developing brain. Disruptions in this developmental process can impair a child’s capacities for learning and relating to others, with lifelong implications. This edition […]

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Screenshot of a graph showing a correlation between the number of adverse early experiences and adult heart disease

InBrief: The Impact of Early Adversity on Children’s Development (Japanese)

This video from the InBrief series outlines basic concepts from the research on the biology of stress, which show that major adversity can weaken developing brain architecture and permanently set the body’s stress response system on high alert. Science also shows that providing stable, responsive environments for children in the earliest years of life can […]

View translation

Neglect video still

InBrief: The Science of Neglect (Japanese)

Extensive biological and developmental research shows significant neglect—the ongoing disruption or significant absence of caregiver responsiveness—can cause more lasting harm to a young child’s development than overt physical abuse, including subsequent cognitive delays, impairments in executive functioning, and disruptions of the body’s stress response. This edition of the InBrief series, here in Japanese, explains why significant […]

View translation

Early Childhood Programs video still

InBrief: Early Childhood Program Effectiveness (Japanese)

This video from the InBrief series, here in Japanese, outlines basic concepts from four decades of program evaluation research which help explain how society can ensure that children have a solid foundation for a productive future by creating and implementing effective early childhood programs and policies. This translation was generously provided by the Japan Association […]

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Construir as Competências dos Adultos para Melhorar o Desempenho das Crianças: Uma Teoria de Mudança

This 5-minute video, translated into Portuguese, depicts a theory of change from the Frontiers of Innovation community for achieving breakthrough outcomes for vulnerable children and families.

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Arabic Serve and Return screenshot

Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry (Arabic subtitles)

One of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain is “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives. Young children naturally reach out for interaction through babbling, facial expressions, and gestures, and adults respond with the same kind of vocalizing and gesturing back at them. This […]

View translation

Arabic brain architecture screenshot

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Arabic subtitles)

The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood. Simpler circuits come first and more complex brain circuits build on them later. Genes provide the basic blueprint, but experiences influence how or whether genes are expressed. Together, they shape the quality of brain architecture […]

View translation

Arabic Building Adult Capabilities screenshot

Building Adult Capabilities to Improve Child Outcomes (Arabic subtitles)

This 5-minute video depicts a theory of change from the Frontiers of Innovation community for achieving breakthrough outcomes for vulnerable children and families. It describes the need to focus on building the capabilities of caregivers and strengthening the communities that together form the environment of relationships essential to children’s lifelong learning, health, and behavior. Arabic […]

View translation

Arabic InBrief early childhood screenshot

InBrief: Early Childhood Mental Health (Arabic subtitles)

Science tells us that the foundations of sound mental health are built early in life. Early experiences—including children’s relationships with parents, caregivers, relatives, teachers, and peers—interact with genes to shape the architecture of the developing brain. Disruptions in this developmental process can impair a child’s capacities for learning and relating to others, with lifelong implications. […]

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La teoría del cambio para el desarrollo infantil: Crear capacidades en los adultos

Translated into Spanish, this 5-minute video depicts a theory of change from the Frontiers of Innovation community for achieving breakthrough outcomes for vulnerable children and families.

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El estrés tóxico perjudica el desarrollo saludable

Subtitled in Spanish, this video, originally titled Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development, is from the series Three Core Concepts in Early Development (Tres Conceptos Clave del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano). The series depicts how advances in neuroscience, molecular biology, and genomics now give us a much better understanding of how early experiences are built into our bodies and brains, for better or for worse.

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Las interacciones “servir y devolver” dan forma a la estructura cerebral

Subtitled in Spanish, this video, originally titled Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry, is from the series Three Core Concepts in Early Development (Tres Conceptos Clave del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano). The series depicts how advances in neuroscience, molecular biology, and genomics now give us a much better understanding of how early experiences are built into our bodies and brains, for better or for worse.

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Las experiencias construyen la arquitectura cerebral

Subtitled in Spanish, this video, originally titled Experiences Build Brain Architecture, is from the series Three Core Concepts in Early Development (Tres Conceptos Clave del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano). The series depicts how advances in neuroscience, molecular biology, and genomics now give us a much better understanding of how early experiences are built into our bodies and brains, for better or for worse.

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Super-Cérebro

Super-Cérebro is the Portuguese translation of Brain Hero, a three-minute video depicting how actions by a range of people in the family and community can affect a child’s development.

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Arabic toxic stress screenshot

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Arabic subtitles)

Learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy development. While moderate, short-lived stress responses in the body can promote growth, toxic stress is the strong, unrelieved activation of the body’s stress management system in the absence of protective adult support. Without caring adults to buffer children, the unrelenting stress caused by […]

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O Stress Tóxico Prejudica o Desenvolvimento Saudável

Without caring adults to buffer children, the unrelenting stress caused by extreme poverty, neglect, abuse, or severe maternal depression can weaken the architecture of the developing brain. This video, presented in Portuguese, explains the concept and ramifications of toxic stress. It is from the series Three Core Concepts in Early Development (Três Conceitos Fundamentais Sobre o Desenvolvimento na Primeira Infância).

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O Jogo de Ação e Reação Modela os Circuitos do Cérebro

One of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain is “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives. This is a Portuguese translation of the Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry video from the series Three Core Concepts in Early Development (Três Conceitos Fundamentais Sobre o Desenvolvimento na Primeira Infância).

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As Experiências Moldam a Arquitetura do Cérebro

This video depicts how the basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood. Translated into Portuguese, Experiences Build Brain Architecture is part of the Center’s three-part video series, Three Core Concepts in Early Development (Três Conceitos Fundamentais Sobre o Desenvolvimento na Primeira Infância).

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Três Conceitos Fundamentais Sobre o Desenvolvimento na Primeira Infância

Translated into Portuguese, this three-part video series depicts how advances in neuroscience, molecular biology, and genomics now give us a much better understanding of how early experiences are built into our bodies and brains, for better or for worse.

View translation

Super Cerebro

Super Cerebro is a three-minute video depicting how actions by a range of people in the family and community can affect a child’s development. This is the Spanish translation of Brain Hero.

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Early Childhood Programs video still

En Breve: La Eficacia de los Programas Para la Infancia Temprana

Outlining basic concepts from four decades of program evaluation research, this video and brief help explain how society can ensure that children have a solid foundation for a productive future by creating and implementing effective early childhood programs and policies. This is a Spanish translation of InBrief: Early Childhood Program Effectiveness.

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Executive Function video still

En Breve: La Función Ejecutiva — Habilidades para la vida y el aprendizaje

This video and brief from the InBrief series, provided in Spanish, explain how lifelong executive function skills develop, what can disrupt their development, and how supporting them pays off in school and life.

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En Breve: El Impacto de la Adversidad Durante la Infancia Sobre el Desarrollo de los Niños

Translated into Spanish, this video and related brief outline basic concepts from the research on the biology of stress, which show that major adversity can weaken developing brain architecture and permanently set the body’s stress response system on high alert.

View translation

The Science of ECD video still

En Breve: La Ciencia del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano

This video and brief, translated into Spanish, address basic concepts of early childhood development and help illustrate why child development—particularly from birth to five years—is a foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society.

View translation

Brain with Urdu titles

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Urdu subtitles)

Subtitled in Urdu, this video gives insight into how to deal with toxic stress. Learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy development. While moderate, short-lived stress responses in the body can promote growth, toxic stress is the strong, unrelieved activation of the body’s stress management system in the absence of […]

View translation

Neglect Video Screenshot with Serbian Subtitles

InBrief: The Science of Neglect (Serbian subtitles)

This 6-minute video explains why significant neglect is so harmful in the earliest years of life and why effective interventions are likely to pay significant dividends in better long-term outcomes in learning, health, and parenting of the next generation.

View translation

Serve and Return Video Screenshot with Serbian Subtitles

Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry (Serbian subtitles)

One of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain is “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives.

View translation

Building Brain Architecture Video Screenshot with Serbian Subtitles

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Serbian subtitles)

The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood. Simpler circuits come first and more complex brain circuits build on them later.

View translation

Toxic Stress Video Screenshot with Serbian Subtitles

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Serbian subtitles)

Learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy development. While moderate, short-lived stress responses in the body can promote growth, toxic stress is the strong, unrelieved activation of the body’s stress management system in the absence of protective adult support.

View translation

Teacher reading to children on her lap

Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry (Bulgarian subtitles)

One of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain is “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives.

View translation

Stressed child yelling with diagram of physcial stress symptoms

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Bulgarian subtitles)

Learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy development. While moderate, short-lived stress responses in the body can promote growth, toxic stress is the strong, unrelieved activation of the body’s stress management system in the absence of protective adult support.

View translation

Brain diagram with Bulgarian subtitles

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Bulgarian subtitles)

The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood. Simpler circuits come first and more complex brain circuits build on them later.

View translation

Teacher reading to young children sitting on her lap

Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry (Urdu subtitles)

One of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain is “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives. This version of the video is subtitled in Urdu.

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Dad kissing baby with Urdu subtitles

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Urdu subtitles)

Subtitled in Urdu, this video explains how the basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood. Simpler circuits come first and more complex brain circuits build on them later. Genes provide the basic blueprint, but experiences influence how or whether genes are expressed. Together, […]

View translation

Foundations of lifelong health video still

En Breve: Los Cimientos de la Salud a lo Largo de la Vida

This video and brief from the InBrief series, presented in Spanish, explain why a vital and productive society with a prosperous and sustainable future is built on a foundation of healthy child development.

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Graphic showing how toxic stress overtaxes the cardiovascular system

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Icelandic)

Learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy development. While moderate, short-lived stress responses in the body can promote growth, toxic stress is the strong, unrelieved activation of the body’s stress management system in the absence of protective adult support. Without caring adults to buffer children, the unrelenting stress caused by […]

View translation

Serve and return video still showing a caregiver interacting with an infant, with a graphic showing a developing brain overlaid

Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry (Icelandic)

One of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain is “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives. Young children naturally reach out for interaction through babbling, facial expressions, and gestures, and adults respond with the same kind of vocalizing and gesturing back at them. This […]

View translation

Experiences Build Brain Architecture video still, showing neurons firing and growing

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Icelandic)

The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood. Simpler circuits come first and more complex brain circuits build on them later. Genes provide the basic blueprint, but experiences influence how or whether genes are expressed. Together, they shape the quality of brain architecture […]

View translation

Serve and return video still showing a caregiver interacting with an infant, with a graphic showing a developing brain overlaid

Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry (Danish)

This 2-minute video, in Danish, explains why “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives is one of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain.

View translation

Experiences Build Brain Architecture video still, showing neurons firing and growing

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Danish)

This video, in Danish, explains how the basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood.

View translation

Screenshot of Executive Function video with French subtitles

InBrief: Fonction Exécutive

Being able to focus, hold, and work with information in mind, filter distractions, and switch gears is like having an air traffic control system at a busy airport to manage the arrivals and departures of dozens of planes on multiple runways. In the brain, this air traffic control mechanism is called executive functioning, a group […]

View translation

video still shot

Experiences Build Brain Architecture (Mandarin subtitles)

The basic architecture of the brain is constructed through a process that begins early in life and continues into adulthood.

View translation

video still image

Serve & Return Interaction Shapes Brain Circuitry (Mandarin subtitles)

One of the most essential experiences in shaping the architecture of the developing brain is “serve and return” interaction between children and significant adults in their lives.

View translation

video still image

Toxic Stress Derails Healthy Development (Mandarin subtitles)

While moderate, short-lived stress responses in the body can promote growth, toxic stress is the strong, unrelieved activation of the body’s stress management system in the absence of protective adult support.

View translation

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