Neglect, abuse, and other forms of maltreatment can produce lifelong changes in brain architecture [1]. However, supportive, responsive relationships with adults can help prevent or mitigate such damaging effects. In this story, WBUR’s “Radio Boston” speaks with Center Director Jack P. Shonkoff about how serve and return [2] interactions promote healthy brain development, and why it’s time to use this science to create more effective interventions. This piece also includes a segment from WBUR’s “Brain Matters [3]” series, which features interviews with Shonkoff and Center-affiliated faculty member Charles A. Nelson III [4].