This article by Eliot Marshall highlights the work of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, which studies how early childhood neglect affects brain development. The project was launched by Center-affiliated faculty member Charles A. Nelson III and National Scientific Council on the Developing Child member Nathan Fox. That work, in Romanian orphanages, has shown that the brain needs appropriate stimulation [1] to develop properly, but that foster care can help minimize the effects of severe neglect in formerly institutionalized children. The article also quotes or references the work of Council member Megan Gunnar [2] and affiliated faculty member Margaret Sheridan.