How Early Experiences Alter Gene Expression and Shape Development

Epigenetic Modification Helps Shape How Bodies and Brains Develop

EPIGENETIC "MARKERS" control where and how much protein is made by a gene, effectively turning the gene “on” or “off.” Such epigenetic modification typically occurs in cells that comprise organ systems, thereby influencing how these structures develop and function. Therefore, experiences that change the epigenome early in life, when the specialized cells of organs such as the brain, heart, or kidneys are first developing, can have a powerful impact on physical and mental health for a lifetime.