Launched in 2011 by five partner organizations in Brazil and at Harvard, Núcleo Ciência Pela Infância [1] (NCPI) is a collaborative initiative designed to advance early childhood investment in a rapidly growing Latin American nation facing significant socioeconomic inequalities. One of the most important features of the partnership is an Executive Leadership Program (ELP) designed to build the capacity of leaders in government and civil society to apply the science of early childhood development to some of their country’s most complex social problems.